Toughness enhancement and equivalent initial fracture toughness of cementitious composite reinforced with aligned steel fibres

Based on theoretical analysis and numerical simulation, the impact of steel fibres on the stress intensity factor (SIF) at the crack tip for cementitious composite was studied. The enhanced toughness of steel fibre reinforced cementitious composite (SFRC) in resisting cracks was explained by the decrement of SIF caused by steel fibre inclusions at the crack tip of the composite. The equivalent initial fracture toughness was used to characterize the crack initiation of SFRC. A simplified method for determining the of SFRC was proposed based on a linear regression method. Fracture tests were conducted on three‐point bending notched beams with different steel fibre volume fractions and specimen sizes to study the crack initiation behaviour of aligned steel fibre reinforced cementitious composite (ASFRC). of ASFRC was calculated, and the size effect of was analysed. The results showed that slightly increased with the steel fibre volume fraction and gradually became stable. For the tested specimens, whose heights varied between 40 and 100 mm, the specimen size had little impact on the .     

A new experimental simulation method for the development of non-renewable hydrogen energy—Oil and gas resources

At present, the proportion of tight oil in non-renewable hydrogen energy is increasing. According to an initial exploration and attemptable practice on the exploration of tight oil, it is found that the cost can be controlled effectively and positive effects are achieved. But this technique cannot make sure the proppants filled uniformly in the long fracture. Several researches on the proppants migration experiment devices and factors influencing on proppant setting are reviewed and a new set of experimental device to simulate the laws of proppants setting in long fracture is developed. This device can simulate the main factors influencing proppants setting performance. It analyzes several factors such as wall filtration, construction displacement, sand concentration, proppant size and density, viscosity of fracturing fluid is used to rank the influencing degree of every factor. Considering the effects of mutual interference between proppants, width of fracture, rough fracture surface and fracture surface filtration during the proppants setting progress, the mathematical model of proppant setting is modified by adding sand concentration correction factor, wall effect correction factor and filtration correction factor. The experimental data verify the accuracy of the settlement model is established using the data getting from experiment.     

NiGa modified carbon-felt cathode for hydrogen production

In this study, known electrocatalytic active metal nickel and low amount of gallium were electrodeposited on carbon felt electrode for hydrogen evolution reaction in alkali medium. Morphological and structural analyses of prepared electrodes were determined by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The electrocatalytic activity of obtained electrodes for hydrogen evolution reaction was determined with cathodic polarization curves, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, discharge potential measurements, hydrogen volume measurements at constant potential and durability tests. It was found that the electrodeposition of low amount of gallium over the nickel coated carbon felt electrode increases the hydrogen evolution reaction activity and decreases the overpotential for hydrogen region. The electrocatalytic activity of nickel and gallium deposited on carbon felt electrode was explained with active sites of surface and synergistic effect of nickel and gallium created by high surface area of carbon felt.     

18F-NaF注射液的制备及新西兰兔骨折显像

由外伤或肿瘤骨转移造成的隐匿性骨折和愈合情况的准确诊断对制定合适的治疗方案具有非常重要的意义。为考查¹⁸F-NaF PET显像用于骨折诊断的诊断效能，本研究制备了¹⁸F-NaF注射液，并对其进行了质量控制和稳定性研究，然后建立新西兰兔骨折动物模型，模型建立约2周后进行了¹⁸F-NaF PET显像和⁹⁹Tc^m-亚甲基二磷酸盐（⁹⁹Tc^m-MDP）SPECT显像的自身对照实验，并对显像效果进行了比较。结果表明：¹⁸F-NaF的产量大于37 GBq，各项检验结果均符合质控要求，40 ℃下放置8 h和30 ℃下放置10 h所有检验结果均无明显变化；¹⁸F-NaF PET和⁹⁹Tc^m-MDP SPECT两种显像方式均可见全身骨骼，骨折部位呈明显放射性浓聚，但¹⁸F-NaF给药后30 min即可进行PET显像，骨折部位显示更为清晰，骨折部位与对侧正常骨骼的放射性摄取比（T/NT）明显高于⁹⁹Tc^m-MDP，而⁹⁹Tc^m-MDP需在给药后2 h才能进行SPECT显像。本研究表明¹⁸F-NaF PET对骨折的显像性能优于⁹⁹Tc^m-MDP，可明显提高检查流通量和诊断效能。     

Study of the influence of notch radii and temperature on the probability of failure: A methodology to perform a combined assessment

The fracture assessment of notched components based on cracked components approaches leads to over‐conservative failure predictions. In the research literature, several approaches are proposed to overcome this problem using an apparent fracture toughness, . Nevertheless, most of these approaches are based on deterministic assumptions despite the large and variable scatter exhibited by for different notch radii (ρ) or temperatures (T). This paper proposes a methodology for deriving a probabilistic field including the effect of temperature on the failure of notched components. First, the theory of critical distances is applied to transform each apparent fracture toughness into the equivalent fracture toughness for ρ = 0. Then, the temperature is supposed to act as a scale effect in the Weibull cumulative distribution function of the equivalent fracture toughness, and the corresponding scale effect function is derived. Finally, the applicability of the proposed methodology is illustrated by an example using two ferritic‐pearlitic steels: S275JR and S355J2.     

含齿形裂隙类岩石材料单轴压缩试验研究

为研究含齿形裂隙岩石在单轴压缩下的破坏特征及强度特性，制作了含不同裂隙倾角和起伏角的齿形裂隙类岩石材料试件，并采用岩石力学伺服试验机进行单轴压缩试验。试验结果表明：（1）试件主要产生拉伸、剪切和拉剪复合裂纹，且根据裂纹的扩展路径可划分为A型（拉伸破坏）、B型（剪切破坏）、C型（复合破坏）3种破坏模式，裂隙倾角对试件最终破坏模式影响显著；（2）当裂隙倾角较小时，试件应力—应变曲线为多峰曲线，随着裂隙倾角的增大，曲线呈单峰形式，表现为延性减弱，脆性增强，而裂隙倾角相同但起伏角不同的试件应力—应变曲线大致相同；（3）当裂隙起伏角相同时，试件当量峰值强度随裂隙倾角的增大呈先减小后增大的规律，且裂隙起伏角对试件当量峰值强度的影响小于裂隙倾角。     

基于CSC方法的钢铁行业节能减排技术潜力分析

为了研究中国钢铁行业的节能减排潜力，以35项钢铁行业先进节能减排技术为研究对象，建立节能供应曲线(Conservation Supply Curve，简称CSC)模型，分析影响钢铁行业的节能减排收益、成本效益以及钢铁生产流程工序层面的节能减排潜力因素。结果表明，这35项技术全部应用可实现3.01 GJ/t的节能量以及398.22 kg/t的CO2减排量。将结果与第十三个五年计划推广技术作对比，在当前情况下，约有50%的推广技术并不符合成本效益；运用CSC模型进行了钢铁生产流程工序层面的节能减排潜力研究，得到各个工序的节能量和减排量，并据此分析了各项技术未来的发展趋势和应用前景。     

上海市火力发电行业能源计量现状分析

能源计量与节能监测、能源审计、能源统计、能源利用状况分析是用能单位能源管理和节能工作的基础。通过对本市部分火力发电企业的现场调研，针对性地提出改进建议，以期帮助用能单位增强能源计量在节能减排工作中的有效性。     

姜黄素对辐射诱导的胰腺外分泌细胞损伤的保护作用

将大鼠胰腺外分泌细胞(AR42J)分为实验组与对照组,两组细胞根据姜黄素处理水平又分为A/B/C/D/E 5个姜黄素处理组,分别经0、2、4、8、16 μM姜黄素处理,实验组予以一次性大剂量X射线照射(6 Gy),模拟急性辐射损伤事件。照后收集细胞蛋白行免疫印迹试验(Wensten-blot)检测凋亡相关蛋白PARP、BCL-2,应激及能量代谢相关因子HIF-1ɑ、LDHA、PDH表达情况,MTT法检测细胞增殖活力,荧光酶标仪检测细胞ATP及ROS生成情况。清洁级大鼠24只随机分为对照组、单纯加药组、单纯照射组、照射+加药组,予以12 Gy X射线照射或假照射,射后24小时处死并解剖取出胰腺组织,Wensten-blot检查能量代谢相关蛋白表达情况,以探讨姜黄素在胰腺外分泌细胞辐射损伤中的作用及其机制。结果表明,与对照组相比,单纯照射组细胞在受照24 h后,凋亡蛋白PARP表达升高,BCL-2蛋白下调,线粒体膜电位下降表明线粒体受损。辐照促使缺氧诱导因子HIF-1α表达上调,介导糖酵解的关键因子LDHA表达增强,PDH表达下调。细胞增殖活力下降,ROS生成增多,沉默HIF-1表达在一定程度上抑制了辐照诱导的这种能量代谢转变。经姜黄素预处理,纠正了HIF-1α及LDHA的表达上调,部分恢复PDH表达,有效清除氧自由基,并且对细胞的增殖能力及ATP生成具有正向作用。动物实验显示辐照诱导HIF-1α表达加强,调控能量代谢相关蛋白表达发生改变,LDHA表达增强,PDH表达下调;经姜黄素预处理,纠正了HIF-1α上调所介导的能量代谢相关蛋白的表达变化,趋势与细胞实验相符。以上结果说明,胰腺外分泌细胞在电离辐射损伤下,通过上调HIF-1α表达,促使能量代谢发生转变,糖酵解途径加强,而经线粒体的有氧氧化受到抑制。姜黄素通过下调HIF-1α,纠正了辐射诱导的细胞能量代谢紊乱,并有效清除氧自由基,保护线粒体,从而发挥其对胰腺外分泌细胞的辐射损伤的保护作用。